Also suggests that a high sodium intake does not increase the risk of developing high blood pressure
People with hypertension has yet receive a low salt diet.
physicians and public health officials have been telling us for years that eat too sodium may increase the risk of heart attack or stroke by increasing the blood pressure to dangerous levels. Then how to explain a new study suggests low salt consumption has been increasing the risk to die from these causes?
The study, which followed women and men Europeans healthy Guysboro age 60 or younger for about eight years, also concluded that above-average sodium intake is not the risk of developing high blood pressure (hypertension) or dying of a heart attack or a stroke on the rise.
The results, reported in the issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association on May 4, certainly seem paradoxical, especially in the light of the current public health campaign to reduce consumption of sodium through the United States calling the restaurants and the food manufacturers to limit their use of the ingredient.
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In fact, said Jan a. Staessen, M.D., head of the laboratory of hypertension and the principal author of the study at the University of Louvain, Belgium, the findings "do not support the current recommendations for a reduction of widespread and indiscriminate of intake to the level of the population [sodium]."
Fans of salts should not leave their shakers immediately, though. Looking at the findings shows that they are not as out of line with the mantra of lower-sodium as they might seem.
To begin, participants, sodium consumption was evaluated by measuring the sodium content of their urine over a period of 24 hours at the start of the study. Although this method is considered the gold standard for estimating the intake of sodium, this test of urine lone cannot provide a precise portrait of the daily intake of participants in the comprehensive study of eight years, as the researchers themselves.
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More importantly, the participants had blood pressure in the normal range at the beginning of the study and were white, relatively young and thinner on average than the typical American. However, previous research has shown that people with hypertension, black, the elderly and heavier people tend to react more negatively to sodium.
"Perhaps it would be better locate specific subgroups," says Jerome Fleg, MD, a medical officer of the division of cardiovascular sciences at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. "Is probably not the group that could get the biggest bang for the buck in terms of limiting sodium consumption."
Staessen and colleagues divided the participants in the study by third parties under their sodium intake estimated. Although higher consumption of salt was not linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure, it was associated with very low increase in systolic pressure (the top number).
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A little more than 6% of the participants had a heart attack, stroke or other cardiovascular emergencies during the study, about one third of which were fatal. Those who consume the least salt had a higher risk of 56 per cent of the death of a heart attack or a stroke, compared to those who had the highest consumption, even after the control of obesity, cholesterol, smoking, diabetes and other risk factors.
Researchers do not have a firm explanation of this conclusion, but they think that intake sodium low enough to reduce blood pressure may also reduce the sensitivity to insulin, a stress response in the nervous system and affect hormones that regulate blood pressure and sodium absorption. "Each of these effects could have a negative impact on cardiovascular mortality," said Staessen.
He and his co-authors point, however, that people with hypertension - which were not included in the study - will still benefit from a low salt diet.
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Most Americans consume more sodium per day is considered healthy. Federal guidelines recommend limiting the consumption of 2,300 milligrams per day, or 1 500 milligrams for blacks and persons with hypertension. Health organizations have been lobbying the Federal Government to abandon the objective for all 1,500 milligrams per day, says Fleg.
Despite the shortcomings of the study, the results suggest that guidelines sodium should perhaps take account of the differences between individuals, Randal Thomas, M.D., cardiologist at the clinic in Mayo, in Rochester, Minnesota, said.
"We know that not everyone is also sensitive to sodium in their diet than others." "Even in people with high blood pressure, not more that half are probably sensitive sodium, and in the general population, it is probably less than 10 percent," Thomas said. "To establish a public policy, it is important to recognize the need for a policy that does not punish the majority in favour of the minority."
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